India’s vulnerability to natural disasters is a critical concern, given its geographical position and susceptibility to a wide range of calamities. According to the National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA), over 58.6% of the country’s landmass is prone to earthquakes, while more than 12% faces the risk of flooding. Additionally, approximately 5,700 kilometers of the nation’s coastline—out of a total of 7,516 kilometers—is exposed to cyclones and tsunamis, and around 68% of its cultivable land is at risk of droughts. These statistics underscore the imperative need for disaster preparedness.

The risks are further exacerbated by a variety of factors, including demographic shifts, socio-economic disparities, and unplanned urbanization. Development in high-risk zones, environmental degradation, climate change, and the threat of epidemics and pandemics contribute to a compounding web of vulnerabilities. Collectively, these elements pose a significant challenge to sustainable development, while also jeopardizing lives, livelihoods, and the nation’s resilience. Thus, a robust and proactive disaster response strategy is essential to mitigate these risks and safeguard India’s future development trajectory.